LED vs Traditional Lighting Comparison

Side-by-side data: LED vs Metal Halide vs HPS vs Fluorescent. Real specifications, energy costs, and ROI calculations updated for 2026.

50-75%
Energy Reduction
100,000 hrs
LED Lifespan (L70)
1-3 years
Typical ROI Payback
DLC Premium
Highest Rebate Tier

High Bay (Warehouse)

SpecificationLED UFO High BayMetal HalideHPS (High Pressure Sodium)
wattage150W400W400W
lumens24,00036,000 → 20,000*50,000 → 30,000*
efficacy160 lm/W90 lm/W initial125 lm/W initial
lifespan100,000 hrs20,000 hrs24,000 hrs
startupInstant10-15 min5-10 min
CRI>806522
dimmableYes (0-10V)NoLimited
Annual Energy Cost$66$175$175
maintenanceNone$50-100/yr$40-80/yr

* Metal halide and HPS experience 30-50% lumen depreciation over their lifespan. LED maintains >90% output.

Area Light (Parking Lot)

SpecificationLED Area LightMetal HalideHPS
wattage200W400W400W
lumens30,00036,000 → 22,000*50,000 → 30,000*
efficacy150 lm/W90 lm/W initial125 lm/W initial
lifespan100,000 hrs20,000 hrs24,000 hrs
startupInstant10-15 min5-10 min
CRI>706522
dimmableYesNoLimited
Annual Energy Cost$88$175$175
maintenanceNone$80-150/yr$80-150/yr

* Annual cost based on $0.10/kWh, 12 hrs/day operation. Maintenance includes relamping labor.

Office / Retail (Troffer)

SpecificationLED Troffer (2x4)Fluorescent T8 (3-lamp)Fluorescent T12 (4-lamp)
wattage40W96W160W
lumens5,2008,100 → 5,400*9,200 → 5,500*
efficacy130 lm/W84 lm/W initial58 lm/W initial
lifespan100,000 hrs30,000 hrs20,000 hrs
startupInstant1-3 sec2-5 sec
CRI>808062
dimmableYes (0-10V)With ballastNo
Annual Energy Cost$18$42$70
maintenanceNone$15-25/yr$25-40/yr

* Fluorescent lumen output decreases 20-40% as tubes age. Ballast replacement adds $30-60 per fixture.

ROI Payback Calculator — Real Scenarios

ScenarioTraditionalLED ReplacementAnnual SavingsPayback Period10-Year Savings
50 × UFO High Bay (Warehouse)400W MH150W LED$5,4751.8 years$54,750
100 × Area Light (Parking Lot)400W MH200W LED$8,7002.1 years$87,000
200 × Troffer (Office)96W T840W LED$4,8001.2 years$48,000

Based on $0.10/kWh, 12 hrs/day, 365 days/year. Includes maintenance cost elimination.

LED Wattage Equivalency Chart

Use this chart to find the correct LED replacement wattage for your existing fixtures:

Metal Halide / HPSLED EquivalentEnergy SavingsApplication
100W MH30-40W LED60-70%Wall packs, small area
150W HPS40-60W LED60-73%Wall packs, bollards
250W MH80-100W LED60-68%Small parking lots, pathways
400W MH/HPS150-200W LED50-63%Parking lots, high bays, sports
750W MH300-400W LED47-60%Large area, stadium
1000W MH/HPS400-600W LED40-60%Stadium, high mast
1500W MH600-800W LED47-60%Large stadium, arena
2000W MH1000-1200W LED40-50%Professional stadium

Ready to Switch to LED?

Use our free LightSpec AI tool to get instant fixture recommendations for your space.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much energy does LED save compared to metal halide?

LED saves 50-75% energy compared to metal halide. A 150W LED replaces a 400W metal halide (460W with ballast), saving 310W per fixture — about $163/year per fixture at $0.12/kWh running 12 hrs/day.

What is the lifespan of LED vs metal halide vs HPS?

LED: 100,000+ hours. Metal Halide: 20,000 hours. HPS: 24,000 hours. Fluorescent: 30,000 hours. LED lasts 5× longer than MH.

Can I replace metal halide with LED directly?

Retrofit kits exist, but full fixture replacement is recommended for best ROI. LED fixtures are optimized for directional light output; MH retrofit kits lose 20-40% efficiency.

Do LED fixtures qualify for utility rebates?

Yes — DLC-listed LED fixtures qualify for rebates of $50-200/fixture from California utilities (SCE, PG&E, LADWP, SDG&E). DLC Premium gets the highest tier.